Learn about malware

Malware puts your identity and data at risk 

Malware is any code or program that cybercriminals use to harm devices, networks and users.  

It can be used to:

• steal your information and account details
• lock or encrypt your data and demand payment for its release (also known as ransomware)
• install unwanted and dangerous software without your knowledge.

Malware can have serious and ongoing impacts. It can also act as an entry point for cybercriminals to access systems and data. This can lead to further cyber attacks.

Cybercriminals distribute malware through:

• spam email or messages (either as a link or an attachment)
• malicious websites that try to install malware when you visit
• exploiting weaknesses in software on your devices
• posing as a trusted application that you download and install yourself.

Some malware may even pretend to be antivirus or security products.

Learn about common types of malware

Adware

Adware is a type of malware that collects information to display targeted advertising. It isn’t typically dangerous but can sometimes interfere with your system. For instance, by opening webpages that contain other malware.

Info stealer

Information stealer malware (info stealers) secretly collects data from your device, such as login credentials and system information. Cybercriminals use this information mainly for financial gain. Learn more about information stealer malware.

Keyloggers

Keyloggers record the keys you press and send this information to a cybercriminal. This may include passwords and credit card details.

Pharming

Pharming is a way to harvest personal information. A cybercriminal may put malicious code on your device that redirects you to fake websites.

Ransomware

A type of malware that encrypts your files and prevents access unless a ransom is paid. Learn more about ransomware.

Trojans and backdoors

Trojans are programs that appear to be useful but do something malicious when run. Trojans may steal information, download malware, or even provide a ‘backdoor’ into your device. This can allow a cybercriminal broad access.

Viruses and worms

Viruses infect files by inserting malicious code that runs when the file is opened. Worms are standalone programs that spread between devices. Both can steal your information, download and install malware, delete files or send spam.

Web shell malware

Web shell malware consists of malicious code that allow cybercriminals to compromise web servers and use them as a permanent backdoor to launch further attacks.

How to tell if your device has malware

Watch for these signs that your device or accounts may have been compromised: 

• unusual account activity, such as unexpected changes, unknown logins or large data transfers
• you can’t access your account or your password has been changed
• slow internet or network problems
• new or unusual programs, scripts or tools running on your device
• files or programs you don’t recognise or can’t access
• your device is slow, crashes, overheats or loses battery quickly
• your browser redirects you to websites you didn’t try to open
• suspicious pop-ups asking you to update or download software
• someone knows information they shouldn’t know.