Glossary

A program that collects information on the user’s activities without their consent. Spyware may be installed on a system illegitimately, or as a part of other software without the user’s knowledge.

Exploitation of a vulnerability in a database application that does not properly validate or encode user input, allowing the manipulation, exfiltration or deletion of data.

A standardised build of an operating system and associated applications that can be used for servers, workstations and mobile devices.

A user who can, with their normal privileges, make only limited changes to a system and generally cannot bypass security measures.

A private actor that conducts activity on behalf of a state, for example, a contracted hacker or company.

A special-purpose programming language designed for managing data held in a relational database management system.

An individual or a business that signs a contract to perform part or all of the obligations of another's contract.

A person who is an authority in a particular area or topic. In computer science, also called a domain expert.

A cable laid on the sea bed between land-based stations to carry telecommunication signals across stretches of sea and ocean.

A control system architecture comprising computers, networked data communications and graphical user interfaces for high-level process supervisory management. It also comprises other peripheral devices like programmable logic controllers and discrete proportional-integral-derivative controllers used to interface with process plant or machinery.